Muva nje, u-Academician Yang Yusheng we-Chinese Academy of Sciences ukhulume emhlanganweni mayelana nezinxushunxushu zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yezimoto zikagesi e-China.U-Yang Yusheng uyingqalabutho yocwaningo lwebhethri lasekhaya kanye nebhethri lesibili lamandla e-lithium-sulphur e-China.Ngo-2007, u-Academician u-Yang Yusheng wasungula ibhethri lesibili le-lithium-sulphur lokuqala elinamandla amakhulu angu-300Wh/kg e-China, eliphakeme kakhulu kunebhethri ye-lithium-ion ekhona (100Wh/kg).U-Yang Yusheng academician ukholelwa ukuthi uxhaso kanye nokubalwa kwentengo yezimoto zikagesi kunezinkinga, ezibandakanya izithakazelo eziningi, kodwa futhi kuholele ohlelweni olukhona loxhaso oluphezulu lwamabhizinisi aludingi, okuholela kubakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto ukuthi bachithe inani elikhulu ukukhiqiza umkhiqizo ngaphandle kwemakethe, futhi ukusebenza kwalo mkhiqizo kusengaba nezinkinga, akuzange kube nendima ngempela ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwemboni.
U-Yang Yusheng academician ukholelwa ukuthi izinga lamanje lebhethri linquma isiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwe-13th yeminyaka emihlanu ye-Electric Vehicle Industry, kunokuba ngaphezu kweleveli yebhethri yamanje ukuphishekela lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izimoto zikagesi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, izimoto zikagesi kufanele zithuthukiswe izinga lebhethri, nangaphansi kwesistimu yoxhaso olukhona, akuholelanga nje kuphela emabhizinisini amaningi angenalo ucwaningo lwezimoto zikagesi kanye nokuthuthukiswa ukuze kuxhaswe i-“Great Leap Forward” -isitayela esiphoqelelwe ehhashini, phezulu nangaphezulu kunezindleko zemakethe uxhaso luphinde luholele emandleni okuqhuba izimakethe, hhayi okulungele ukungalingani emphakathini.Kuze kube manje, u-Academician u-Yang Yusheng wafingqa izifundo ezinhlanu ezivela ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yezimoto zikagesi waseChina, futhi wabeka iziphakamiso zakhe ezintathu:
Izifundo ezinhlanu ezifundiwe:
Okokuqala, umzila wokuthuthukisa uyaxega, futhi awuqiniseki;
Okwesibili, izinga lebhethri alisetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi;
Okwesithathu, wuxhaso oluphezulu futhi azikho izidingo.Uxhaso lwamabhizinisi luphezulu kakhulu kodwa asikho isidingo, uzimisele ukwenzani, ngakho ukudayiswa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi akubanga nendima;
Okwesine, ngaphandle komehluko wasemadolobheni nasemaphandleni phakathi kwangempela.Gxila ezimotweni zikagesi emadolobheni amakhulu, futhi uhlasele ngokuphindaphindiwe izimoto zikagesi ezincane nezinejubane eliphansi;
V. Ukudida isigaba socwaningo lobuchwepheshe noma isigaba semboni yezimoto zikagesi.
Izincomo ezintathu:
Okokuqala, uMkhandlu Kazwelonke ukubeka uphahla phezu kwesamba semali yoxhaso lwemoto kagesi yoHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lweminyaka Eyi-13, ukuthi kungakanani okumele kwenziwe owokuqala ukubala bese usebenzisa, ukungavumeli izinkonzo ezine ziqale zisebenzise ukubala;
Okwesibili, ukucacisa izibopho zebhizinisi ngalinye lokukhiqiza izimoto, ukuzuza uxhaso olufanele, izinkomba zesibopho, imiklomelo eyeqile, ukuze kujeziswe futhi kugqugquzelwe ukukhiqizwa;
Okwesithathu, uxhaso olufanele, luyaqhubeka nokuqinisa ukwesekwa kokuthuthukiswa kokusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi.
Nawu umbhalo ogcwele:
Bakwethu, ngenza izivivinyo zenuzi e-Xinjiang iminyaka engamashumi amabili nesikhombisa nengxenye, ngakho-ke nginguchwepheshe wokuhlola i-nuclear, futhi ngenxa yokuthi ngemva kweminyaka engu-60 ubudala, ngivumele ngibuyele eBeijing, ngibuyele eBeijing ekukhethweni kwezifundiswa. , hhayi ukuthatha umhlalaphansi, ngakho-ke ngenza umsebenzi othile webhethri, emkhakheni we-electromagnetic ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, ekuchayekeni kwezimoto zikagesi, ngakho-ke ngokombono we-electromagnetic indlela yokuthuthukisa izimoto zikagesi, ngaqala ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani. ngezimoto zikagesi.
Eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi yokuxhumana, bayanda futhi banomuzwa wokuthi izimoto zikagesi zibaluleke kakhulu futhi zinzima kakhulu, ezweni lethu ezinye izindlela ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nezinqubomgomo ezihlobene zivame ukunaka, kodwa futhi zikhiphe imibono ethile, imibono ethile nayo osekelwa amanye amaqabane, kukhona abantu abambalwa abangahambisani nemibono yami, ngicabanga ukuthi kungokwemvelo kakhulu.Kodwa ukwenza kuwukuphela kovivinyo lweqiniso, futhi phakathi neminyaka edlule, nginomuzwa wokuthi eminye yemibono yami iye yaphumelela.Mayelana nenqubomgomo yoxhaso, ngangikhathazeke ngayo eminyakeni eyisithupha noma eyisikhombisa edlule, ngaphambi nangemuva koMbukiso Womhlaba WaseShanghai.Eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kombukiso womhlaba, ibhasi elingu-12M elinamandla ahlanzekile lathengiswa ngezigidi ezingu-1.6, futhi ngaphansi konyaka kamuva, lathengiswa ngezigidi ezingu-1.9.Ekuqaleni konyaka we-Expo, e-Shanghai, wawuyizigidi ezingu-2.2, futhi ezinyangeni ezintathu ngaphambi kokuvulwa kombukiso, wathengiswa ngezigidi ezingu-2.6.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke ngezwa kunezinkinga eziningi kakhulu ngoxhaso namanani ezimoto zikagesi.Ngoba ibhasi le-12M lidinga cishe amathani amabili amabhethri, ngentengo ngaleso sikhathi, lonke ibhethri lingaba ngu-800,000.Ngakho kungani kungazelelwe kukhulunywe ngezigidi ezingu-2.6, kanye nebhasi elivamile elingaba ngu-500,000, lapho umbuso uxhasa ngo-500,000, uxhaso lwasendaweni 500,000, lwakha isigidi esi-1.Kungani ukwakheka phezulu kangaka, kusukela kuleli phuzu kuqhubeke ngaqala ukunaka le nkinga.Ngakho-ke bengilokhu ngibiza ibhasi likagesi elingu-12M ukuze lidayise izigidi ezingu-2.6, futhi ngike ngasho ukuthi emihlanganweni eminingi, mhlawumbe ngithinta izithakazelo zabanye abantu.Kodwa ngangihlale ngicabanga ukuthi kunenkinga ngalo mxhaso.Kodwa kumele ngisho izwi namuhla, sinezikhulu eziningi futhi sixoxisane kahle nani.
Kodwa ngike ngahambela imihlangano eminingi izikhathi eziningi, ngiye ngihlangane nesimo lapho bengicela lezi zikhulu ukuthi zikhiphe imigomo, ngizicele ukuthi zikhulume kuqala, uma seziqedile, bese uthi akakulalelanga, akakusho. ngifuna ukuzwa, wayengafuni ukuzwa, ngakho ngashicilela izihloko ezithile, nganyathelisa amagama athile, futhi kwangasebenza.Kamuva ngabona kancane, hhayi lokhu kuphela, ngoba manje kunezikhulu eziningi ezikhungweni ezine eziyinhloko, zonke zicabanga ukuthi zingochwepheshe, uchwepheshe kakhulu kunawe, ungaphezu kwalokho ocabanga ukucatshangelwa okujulile. obanzi, wena ovamile onjalo wathi, kungani kufanele ngikulalele?Ngakho-ke kuwo wonke unyaka, bengihlale nginomuzwa wokuthi izindaba zenqubomgomo zishiwo kakhulu, singaguqula noma sifake ichashazi elincane lika-Yang Yusheng noma u-Yang Yusheng academician, kunemibiko eminingi.
Kodwa nakuba umphumela ungemuhle, ngibona kusadingeka ukuthi kukhulunywe, ngakho kulokhu uSolwazi Gu wangimemela emhlanganweni, ngathi ngaya.Ake sixoxe ngokuthi izimoto zikagesi ezweni lethu kumele zithuthuke kanjani.Ngakho-ke namuhla ngikhuluma “ngokushintsha inqubomgomo yomxhaso, ukuthuthukisa izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi”, futhi empeleni nginomuzwa wokuthi inqubomgomo yethu kazwelonke yoxhaso kufanele iguqulwe.Ngingathanda ukubuza imibuzo emithathu.Olokuqala ukubuyekezwa kweminyaka engu-15 yezimoto zikagesi, okwesibili indlela yokuguqula inqubomgomo yoxhaso lwezimoto zikagesi, kanti okwesithathu ukusebenzisa ibhethri elihle elivuthiwe ukuthuthukisa izimoto zikagesi ezithengiswayo eziyi-135 ezinhle.Yileyo mibuzo emithathu engifuna ukukhuluma ngayo.
Ukubuyekezwa kweminyaka engu-15 yezimoto zikagesi
Okokuqala, ukuhlola kwami konke mayelana nokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi ezweni lakithi eminyakeni eyi-15 edlule kuxubile.
Okubizwa ngokuthi i-hi half ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko buye benza intuthuko enkulu, ekuqaleni kwasungulwa izingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nesisekelo semboni yezimoto, ekupheleni kuka-2015, ukuthengiswa kwe-China kwezimoto ezintsha zikagesi kungase kufinyelele izimoto ezingaphezu kuka-400,000.Manje njengoba sikhuluma ngamayunithi angu-497,000, nginokungabaza ngaleyo nombolo, futhi ngicabanga ukuthi umqondisi angase avumelane nami.Ngenxa yokuthi inani lamakhadi kanye nenani lokuthengisa elingakwesokudla, lokhu ezinyangeni eziyishumi zokuqala zalo nyaka umehluko wezimoto ezingu-70,000, empeleni, lokhu ngemuva kokukhwabanisa kwenza izinombolo eziningi zamanga kuwo, ngakho-ke mina. wathi awukwazi njalo ukuthatha le nto ejabulisayo.Kodwa okungenani izimoto zethu zikagesi zithuthuka ngokushesha futhi sizame amaphethini amaningi okugijima, kodwa kufanele futhi sibone izinkinga, ngakho-ke ngithi kuyisibusiso esixubile.Abanye abantu abahambisani nokuhlola kwami okungafihli lutho, angicabangi ukuthi leyo yinkinga enkulu.Inkinga yokuqala yizindleko zamashumi ezigidigidi zamaRandi kumxhaso ophakathi nendawo, kuhlanganiswe nenani eliqhathanisekayo lezibonelelo zikahulumeni wasekhaya, ezingazange ziphumelele ekuqhubekiseni imakethe yezimoto zikagesi.
Okwesibili ukuthi amabhasi amaningi kagesi ahlanzekile awazange ehle, ayengasebenzisa i-150 km noma i-200 km, ngokushesha abe yi-80 km noma i-50 km, kanti amanye awakwazi ukuhamba, ngakho lezi zimoto ezingu-497,000 ngaphakathi, zingaki ezizokwehla esikhathini esizayo, zingaki "isidleke esingamanga", ngicabanga ukuthi kusafanele ukubala, futhi lesi simo sisakazeka, ngicabanga ukuthi le nkinga yokusabalalisa, ukukhula okungazelelwe konyaka odlule, iminyaka yokugcina amabhethri angafaneleki nayo yathengiswa, lawa mabhethri athengiswa, hhayi nje impilo ende. , kodwa futhi kuyingozi kakhulu.Ngakho-ke lesi "sidleke esiqamba amanga" kanye nenkinga yokungagugi kuzoqhubeka nokusabalala, futhi isethi yesibili yamabhethri ayifakiwe.Inkinga yesithathu ukuthi abantu abaningi bathole izinqubomgomo ezithandwayo futhi basebenzisa ama-tram njengezimoto zikaphethiloli futhi bathengisa amabhethri abo, ngakho-ke lokhu kuyinkohliso.Okwesine ukuthi amakhulu ezimoto zikagesi zikaphethiloli ezazingeneli ngokwemvelo eBeijing naseShanghai sezithule, kanti ezinye sezilungise amabhethri e-lithium-ion, okwehlisa intengo ngenxa yokuthi intengo yoxhaso ihlukile.
Okwesibili, izifundo zeminyaka engu-15 kusukela ekuthuthukisweni kwezimoto zikagesi.
Nginesihloko eside mayelana nalolu daba, futhi ngithanda ukusho uhlaka olufushane lapha.Okokuqala ukuthi indlela yentuthuko iyantengantenga futhi ayinasinqumo, okuyisifundo sokuqala.Kafushane, lolu hlelo lweminyaka eyi-15, lweminyaka emithathu luguqule izinto ezintathu ezibalulekile, izimoto zikagesi ezisebenza ngogesi njengento ebaluleke kakhulu phakathi nenkathi yeminyaka eyi-15, kwalandelwa uMongameli Bush, owakubona njengomthombo wamandla wokukhanya wokugcina.Ohlelweni Lweminyaka Eyisihlanu Lweminyaka Eyi-11, izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi eziyingxubevange zaba isisekelo sokusekelwa kwemoto, ezinye izinkampani zaseJapane zifuna ukudala ubuchwepheshe baseJapane, zaze zathenga i-Japan back assembly, lapho i-Prius isikhulile, futhi kamuva yathola ukuthi abaningi bethu baphikisana nezimoto ezixubile, ngoba lokhu empeleni kulandelwa amaJapane, iJapane ine-patent, lapho i-patent ye-Toyota ingaphezu kwekhulu, le moto ye-hybrid ivaliwe ifile, bese kuba nzima ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle womgogodla wemoto. izingxenye ezintsha zezwe lethu lokucutshungulwa kwemishini nogesi.Ngakho-ke zizwe sengathi kufanele sizenzele imoto yethu kagesi.Ngakho-ke ukuya eminyakeni eyi-12 yeminyaka emihlanu, ugesi omsulwa njengokugxilwe kuwo.Ngoba ukugxila kwalolu hlelo lweminyaka emithathu yesihlanu kuyashintsha.Isifundo sesibili ukungasebenzisi izinga lebhethri njengesisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi, le nkinga nami ngiyayibona, ngithi nje That Price, manje usedayise izimoto eziyizigidi ezingu-8, usebenzisa i-nickel hydride battery ratio of energy ingu-50. ama-watts ngekhilogremu ngayinye, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi unobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo begiya elivelayo kanye nobuchwepheshe obubalulekile ukulawula kwe-electronic, ukulawula kwenziwa kahle kakhulu.
Ngakho ngalobu buchwepheshe obubili, amandla kaphethiloli namandla kagesi asebenze kahle.Ngakho-ke le moto ingonga uphethiloli ku-35% kuya ku-40%, ngakho-ke hhayi ebhethrini ukuthi yimalini, kukhona leli bhethri le-nickel hydride ukulisebenzisa kahle, linikeze ukudlala okugcwele endimeni yebhethri, kepha izwe lethu alikho, ngakho-ke lapha Ngokuyinhloko ngikhuluma ngama-comrades emoto, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi ibhethri ye-lithium-ion yafinyelela kuma-watts angu-80 ngekhilogremu, cishe kabili ibhethri le-nickel hydride, leli bhethri alilungile, kodwa liyingxenye yalokho okuhlanzekile kagesi, nebhethri elinjalo ukuze lihlanganyele kugesi ohlanzekile. , futhi ekugcineni uzohlangabezana nochungechunge lwezinkinga.Ngakho ukungabikho kwamaleveli ebhethri njengesisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi empeleni kuhlukanisiwe nomklamo wethu obaluleke kakhulu.Okwesithathu imixhaso ephezulu futhi akukho zidingo.Uxhaso olunikezwa izinkampani luphezulu kodwa asikho isidingo salokho ozimisele ukukwenza, ngakho-ke akusebenzeli ukumakethwa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi.Manje inqubomgomo yomxhaso ayicaci kahle, ngokushesha le moto ngeke ihwebe, ifemu yezimoto manje ayiwamukeli ama-oda, akuyona eyakamuva kakhulu, senzeke kabili, lokhu okwesithathu, hhayi ngokwemakethe, buka uxhaso, bheka umshwalense, nquma ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani, le nto imbi kakhulu.
Inkinga yesine wukusuka eqinisweni lomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezindawo zasemadolobheni nezasemakhaya.Ukugxila ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi emadolobheni amakhulu kanye nokuphahlazeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ezimotweni zikagesi ezincane, ezinesivinini esiphansi kuyisifundo esikhulu kithi.Okwesihlanu ukudida isigaba socwaningo lobuchwepheshe noma isigaba sezimboni zezimoto zikagesi, ucwaningo kanye nezimboni zihlobene nezigaba ezimbili, kodwa kukhona umehluko phakathi, izigaba ezimbili ezihlukene, uMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe uthe ezintathu ziqondile nezintathu ezivundlile, ezintathu eziqondile zisanda kusho uhlelo lweminyaka emihlanu lweminyaka emithathu lwamaphuzu amathathu abalulekile.Nginikeza isibonelo sesithombe, njengokudlala i-Rubik's Cube, ezintathu zihlala zijika lapho, empeleni, zingaphenduka, kodwa uMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni usebenza kakhulu, empeleni, uMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe usebenza ngenkuthalo. ebambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni, wabeka isigaba socwaningo sokuma kwezintathu ukuya kwezezimboni ngaphakathi, ngakho-ke kuholele ezintweni ezimbi.Isifundo sesithupha asinakho umdlandla ngezinto ezintsha, sikhombisa ubuhlakani, izinga labaphathi alikwazi ukuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwesimo senhloso, izinyathelo zethu zenqubomgomo ezihambisanayo azifani, izimoto ezincane ezifundazweni eziningana ngaphakathi kwentuthuko ngokushesha okukhulu, azizange zifake okufanayo. Imithethonqubo esekela inqubomgomo, imoto encane enjalo ayidingi ipuleti lelayisense, ayidingi ukuthi umshayeli ahlole imithetho yomgwaqo, kulokhu kube nezingozi zezimoto, ukushayisa, ukushayisa abantu, futhi ekugcineni konke kwehle kwaba phansi- isivinini imoto kagesi engaphephile, kulapho isizathu more, kulapho lingekho iqiniso.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-02-2020