Gbigba agbara lakoko iwakọ, imọ-ẹrọ gbigba agbara agbara ti awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ina

Gbigba agbara dabi kokoro fun ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ina mọnamọna, ati pe ti ọjọ kan, ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ina yo kuro ninu opoplopo gbigba agbara ati pe ko ni lati wo yika fun opoplopo gbigba agbara, gbigba agbara rọrun ju epo epo lọ.

  Wo nibi gbogbo eniyan yẹ ki o loye koko-ọrọ lati jiroro loni, gbigba agbara alailowaya.Ṣugbọn laisi gbigba agbara alailowaya ti o duro si ibikan, a n sọrọ nipa gbigba agbara lakoko iwakọ.Nitoribẹẹ, o tun ni orukọ eto-ẹkọ pupọ, ti a pe ni imọ-ẹrọ gbigba agbara ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ina (DEVC).

 Fojuinu pe awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ina ko ni lati gba agbara mọọmọ, wọn le gba agbara ni opopona ni gbogbo ọjọ, ati awọn anfani jẹ pupọ.Ni akọkọ, batiri naa le “dinku”, nitori o le jẹ nigbakugba, nibikibi lati gba agbara si ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ, nitorinaa agbara nla ti batiri naa ko ṣe pataki, ẹru ọkọ yoo tun silẹ.

  Ni ẹẹkeji, gbigba agbara ko nilo lati duro, bayi gbigba agbara ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ina ko le rọrun bi fifa epo oko nla, ati gbigba agbara alailowaya le ṣii ati idiyele, dinku idiyele akoko.Lakotan yanju iṣoro ti sakani, ibiti ọkọ ina mọnamọna jẹ lye alailowaya, iṣoro aibalẹ maileji ko si.

  Dun bi kan ti o dara agutan?Ni imọran, ko nira lati ṣe.Jẹ ki a kọkọ wo ilana rẹ.

  Ni akọkọ, gbigba agbara alailowaya jẹ kini?

  Tabi bẹrẹ pẹlu gbigba agbara alailowaya.A mọ pe gbigba agbara alailowaya da lori lọwọlọwọ ati awọn aaye oofa, ati pe ina ati oofa nigbagbogbo ni a ṣe papọ.

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Lọ́dún 1819, onímọ̀ sáyẹ́ǹsì ọmọ ilẹ̀ Denmark, Oster, ṣàkíyèsí pé bí iná mànàmáná bá wà lórí okun waya, pápá máńfà máa ń jáde ní àyíká rẹ̀.Nigbamii ti a ṣe awari pe aaye oofa ti o ṣẹda nipasẹ yiyi okun waya sinu oruka, tabi paapaa yipo rẹ sinu okun, yoo ni okun sii ati idojukọ diẹ sii, ti a mọ si ipa oofa lọwọlọwọ.

Ni ọdun 1831, Faraday ṣe awari pe ti oofa tabi orisun aaye oofa miiran ba sunmo okun okun laisi lọwọlọwọ, lọwọlọwọ fifa irọbi ti ṣe ipilẹṣẹ lori okun okun, ti a mọ si induction electromagnetic.

  Nitorinaa bawo ni a ṣe le jẹ ki ina ati oofa ṣiṣẹ, iduroṣinṣin lati fun wa lọwọlọwọ?

  A nilo coils meji lati gbe ọkan soke, lẹhinna aaye oofa kan wa ni ayika okun naa, lẹhinna a fi ara si ori okun keji, lẹhinna okun naa ni itanna lọwọlọwọ.Awọn ti isiyi ti wa ni directed sinu batiri ati awọn alailowaya idiyele ti pari.

Ti a lo ni aaye adaṣe, eyi ni gbigba agbara alailowaya induction itanna.

  A ṣe ifunni okun siton lori ilẹ, ati bi iwọn lọwọlọwọ ati itọsọna yipada, aaye oofa ti o wa ni ayika okun naa lagbara ati pe itọsọna naa yipada, ṣiṣe aaye oofa ibaraenisepo.Okun ti chassis ọkọ wa lẹhinna ni aaye oofa ti n yipada nigbagbogbo, ati pe lọwọlọwọ ibaraenisepo ti wa ni ipilẹṣẹ inu okun, eyiti o tun ṣe nipasẹ lẹsẹsẹ awọn iyika lati gba agbara si batiri naa.

  Ẹlẹẹkeji, fi agbara mu jade kuro ninu gbigba agbara alailowaya afẹju-compulsive

  Gbigba agbara alailowaya ina mọnamọna jẹ imọ-ẹrọ ti awọn ile-iṣẹ ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ pataki fẹ lati gba ni ipele ibẹrẹ ti kikọ gbigba agbara alailowaya.

Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Volvo ati awọn ile-iṣẹ ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ miiran ti ṣe agbekalẹ nọmba kan ti awọn awoṣe gbigba agbara alailowaya induction.

Ohun kan ti o dabi aga timutimu wa lori aaye gbigbe, ṣugbọn o jẹ okun nla akọkọ ti o ṣẹda aaye oofa kan.Awọn ẹnjini ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ti o le ṣee lo fun gbigba agbara alailowaya yoo tun ni okun, eyiti a pe ni okun keji, lati ṣe ina lọwọlọwọ.

  Ṣugbọn gbigba agbara alailowaya fifa irọbi itanna ni apadabọ nla, iyẹn ni ijinna.Ilana yii jẹ ipinnu lati ṣe ina lọwọlọwọ, ati pe awọn okun meji naa gbọdọ jẹ “aran ni wiwọ” ni idakeji, ati ni kete ti iyapa ba wa, lọwọlọwọ kii yoo ṣe ipilẹṣẹ.

Nitorinaa iru imọ-ẹrọ nigbagbogbo nilo imọ-ẹrọ paati adaṣe deede lati gbe ọkọ duro si oke akete gbigba agbara alailowaya.

  Ndun bi wahala, ṣe kii ṣe bẹ?O jẹ nipa gbigba gbogbo eniyan lati ṣe adaṣe ilu ti Virgo pẹlu rudurudu afẹju.

  Nitorinaa awọn onimọ-jinlẹ n ṣiṣẹ lori imọ-ẹrọ gbigba agbara alailowaya miiran, gbigba agbara alailowaya aaye oofa.A mọ pe nigba ti awọn ohun meji ba lo gbigbọn kanna lapapọ, tabi tun pada ni igbohunsafẹfẹ kan pato, wọn le paarọ agbara ara wọn.

  Resonance aaye oofa, jẹ okun akọkọ lati ṣe agbejade gbigbọn igbohunsafẹfẹ ti o wa titi ti aaye oofa, iyẹn ni, aaye oofa resonant, ati lẹhinna ipo igbohunsafẹfẹ aaye okun oofa keji jẹ kanna, Abajade ni resonance, ati nikẹhin ṣaṣeyọri gbigbe agbara.

Ni ọdun 2007, ẹgbẹ MIT ṣaṣeyọri tan gilobu ina 60W 2m kuro pẹlu resonance itanna.

  Ni eka ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ, Toyota ṣe idanwo ni ọdun 2012 nipa fifikun okun keji si plug-in arabara Prius ti o gbọn ni igbohunsafẹfẹ kan.Aaye oofa resonant wa lori aaye gbigbe, ati nigbati gbogbo wọn ba gbọn ni igbohunsafẹfẹ kanna, okun Atẹle yi iyipada lọwọlọwọ ti aaye oofa resonant.

  Agbara iṣelọpọ ti eto ipese agbara alailowaya jẹ 2kW.Lilo awọn ẹgbẹ igbohunsafẹfẹ jẹ 85kHz ti gba kariaye, pẹlu ṣiṣe gbigbe agbara ti o to 80%.

  Ninu adanwo ijerisi yii, aaye laarin aaye oofa resonant lori ilẹ ati okun keji ni isalẹ ọkọ naa jẹ bii 15cm.Iwọn iyọọda ti o pọju fun aiṣedeede petele jẹ iwọn ti taya ọkọ (ni ayika 20cm).

  Qualcomm tun ti ṣafihan eto gbigba agbara alailowaya ti a pe ni Halo, ṣugbọn o tun duro lori gbigba agbara alailowaya aimi.

 Lilo ipa ipadanu oofa fun gbigbe agbara laarin paadi gbigba agbara ilẹ ati paadi gbigba agbara ọkọ ina, eto gbigba agbara ni agbara ti o to 20 kW ati idii batiri ti o to 5h fun 85kWh ti o kun fun Tesla MODEL S P85.

  Ẹkẹta, jẹ ki ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ina gbe

  Ti paadi gbigba agbara, tabi aaye oofa resonant, ti wa ni gbigbe si opopona, ọkọ naa le ni anfani lati mọ ẹgbẹ ti gbigba agbara nṣiṣẹ, lati igba naa idagbere si opoplopo gbigba agbara.

Ni Oṣu Karun, Qualcomm pari idanwo ọna gbigba agbara alailowaya ti o ni agbara ni Ilu Paris ni lilo ọkọ ayokele Kangoo gbogbo-itanna Renault kan.

Awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ina mọnamọna meji naa n rin ni awọn iyara oriṣiriṣi lori ọna ti o gun 100m nigba gbigba agbara.Ninu idanwo naa, ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ idanwo Kango de 100km/h fun wakati kan ati pe o pọju agbara gbigba agbara ti 20kW.

 Idanwo opopona gigun 100m Qualcomm ni awọn ẹya ipese agbara mẹrin, ọkọọkan lodidi fun ipese ina ni awọn ọna 25m.Ni akoko kan naa, kọọkan 25m gun apa agbara ni 14 submodules pẹlu coils ati agbara iyipada circuitry.

 Bi fun awọn idiyele, iwadii nipasẹ Renault, Ile-iṣẹ Agbara ina Faranse ati Ile-iṣẹ Awọn opopona Ariwa ni imọran pe idiyele ti kikọ ọna gbigba agbara agbara jẹ 4 milionu awọn owo ilẹ yuroopu fun km (ọna gbigbe meji) ati pe a le sọ pe o gbowolori pupọ.

  Nitorinaa awọn ọna “Golden gbowolori” dabi ẹni pe o jẹ akọkọ nikan ni opopona ọkọ oju-irin ti gbogbo eniyan olokiki.Ni Guusu koria, Ile-ẹkọ Imọ-ẹrọ ati Imọ-ẹrọ ti Koria (KAIST) ti kọ ọna gbigba agbara gigun gigun 12km ni ibudo ọkọ oju-irin ni ilu gusu ti Kagosi, nibiti a ti lo ọkọ akero ina lati gba agbara lailowadi pẹlu isunmi oofa.

Nigbati on soro ti awọn orilẹ-ede ajeji, iwadii orilẹ-ede wa lori gbigba agbara agbara alailowaya kii ṣe lẹhin eniyan.ZTE olokiki diẹ sii, ti wa ni Chongqing, Hubei ati awọn aaye miiran lati ṣe idanwo laini gbigba agbara alailowaya.

  Gbigba agbara agbara Alailowaya tun wa ni ipo iwadii, o tun wa ọna pipẹ lati gbaye-gbale ti ibigbogbo.Ronu ti ọpọlọpọ awọn iṣoro ti a ko ti yanju, gẹgẹbi boya ibamu ti awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ le wa ni ibamu, boya opopona wa ni ṣiṣi tabi tiipa, boya lọwọlọwọ ti ọna le gbe ọpọlọpọ awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ lati ṣaja?Iwọnyi jẹ awọn idena gbigba agbara alailowaya alailowaya, ṣugbọn imọ-ẹrọ nigbagbogbo wa ninu ilana ti idagbasoke ilọsiwaju, gbagbọ ninu agbara ti imọ-ẹrọ, awọn iṣoro gbigba agbara yoo yanju nigbagbogbo.Awọn ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ itanna kii ṣe ala lati ṣaja lakoko gbigba agbara.

 

 

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Akoko ifiweranṣẹ: Oṣu Kẹjọ-12-2020
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