Kutshanje, u-Academician Yang Yusheng we-China Academy of Sciences wathetha kwintlanganiso malunga nesiphithiphithi sophuhliso lweshishini lezithuthi zombane laseTshayina.U-Yang Yusheng nguvulindlela wophando lwebhetri yasekhaya kunye nebhetri ephezulu yamandla esibini-lithium-sulphur e-China.Kwi-2007, i-Academician Yang Yusheng iphuhlise ibhetri yokuqala ephezulu ye-lithium-sulfur yesibini ye-300Wh / kg e-China, iphezulu kakhulu kunebhetri ye-lithium-ion ekhoyo (100Wh / kg).Yang Yusheng academician ukholelwa ukuba inkxaso-mali kunye accounting ixabiso izithuthi zombane kukho iingxaki, ezibandakanya umdla kakhulu, kodwa kwakhona kukhokelela inkqubo ekhoyo yenkxaso-mali ephezulu amashishini musa kufuna, ekhokelela ukuba abaninzi abavelisi auto ukuba bachithe ixabiso elikhulu ukuya. ukuvelisa imveliso ngaphandle kwemarike, kwaye ukusebenza kwale mveliso kusenokuba neengxaki, akuzange kudlale indima ngokwenene ekukhuthazeni ukukhula koshishino.
U-Yang Yusheng academician ukholelwa ukuba inqanaba lebhetri langoku limisela isalathiso sophuhliso lwe-13th yeminyaka emihlanu ye-Electric Vehicle Industry, kunokuba ngaphaya kwenqanaba lebhetri langoku ukuphishekela okubizwa ngokuba zizithuthi zombane eziphezulu, izithuthi zombane kufuneka ziphuhliswe kunye. inqanaba lebhetri, naphantsi kwenkqubo yenkxaso ekhoyo, ayikhokelelanga kuphela kumashishini amaninzi angenalo uphando lwezithuthi zombane kunye nophuhliso ukuze kuxhaswe i “Great Leap Forward”-indlela yokunyanzeliswa ehashini, ephezulu nangaphezulu kuneendleko zentengiso Iinkxaso-mali zikwakhokelela kumthamo wokuqhuba imarike, akubangeli ukungalingani ekuhlaleni.Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, u-Academician uYang Yusheng ushwankathele izifundo ezihlanu kuphuhliso lweshishini lezithuthi zombane laseTshayina, kwaye wabeka ezakhe iingcebiso ezintathu:
Izifundo ezihlanu ezifundiweyo:
Okokuqala, indlela yophuhliso iyashukuma, kwaye ayiqinisekanga;
Okwesibini, inqanaba lebhetri alisetyenziswanga njengesiseko sophuhliso lwezithuthi zombane;
Okwesithathu, yinkxaso-mali ephezulu kwaye akukho mfuneko.Iinkxaso-mali zamashishini ziphezulu kakhulu kodwa akukho mfuneko, uzimisele ukwenza ntoni, ngoko ke ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane akuzange kudlale indima;
Okwesine, kumahluko asezidolophini nasemaphandleni phakathi kweyona nto ikhoyo.Gxininisa kwiimoto zombane kwiidolophu ezinkulu, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo uphahlaze iinqwelo zombane ezincinci kunye nesantya esiphantsi;
V. Ukubhidanisa inqanaba lophando lobugcisa okanye isigaba soshishino lwezithuthi zombane.
Iingcebiso ezintathu:
Okokuqala, iBhunga likaRhulumente ukubeka isilingi kwixabiso elipheleleyo lenkxaso yezithuthi zombane kwiSicwangciso seMinyaka emiHlanu ye-13, ubungakanani bokwenza owokuqala ukubala aze asebenzise, angavumeli i-ofisi ezine kuqala zisebenzise ukubala;
Okwesibini, ukucacisa uxanduva lwamashishini emveliso yemoto nganye, ukufezekisa iinkxaso-mali ezifanelekileyo, izibonakaliso zoxanduva, amabhaso angaphezulu, ukwenzela ukohlwaya nokukhuthaza imveliso;
Okwesithathu, uncediso-mali olufanelekileyo, luyaqhubeka ukomeleza inkxaso yophuhliso lobuchule bokusungula isithuthi sombane.
Nasi isicatshulwa esipheleleyo:
Mawethu, ndiqhube iimvavanyo zenyukliya eXinjiang iminyaka engamashumi amabini anesixhenxe anesiqingatha, ke ndiyingcali kuvavanyo lwenyukliya, kwaye ke kuba kungekudala ukuya kwiminyaka engama-60 ubudala, mandibuyele eBeijing, ndibuyele eBeijing ekukhetheni izifundiswa. , kungekhona umhlala, ngoko ndenza umsebenzi othile webhetri, kwintsimi ye-electromagnetic emva kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, kwi-exposure yezithuthi zombane, ngoko ke ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga i-electromagnetic indlela yokuphuhlisa izithuthi zombane, ngoko waqala ukuqonda ukuba kuqhubeka ntoni. ngezithuthi zombane.
Kwiminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yoqhagamshelwano, ngakumbi nangakumbi bavakalelwa kukuba izithuthi zombane zibaluleke kakhulu kwaye zinzima kakhulu, kwilizwe lethu ezinye iindlela ezinxulumene nophuhliso lwesithuthi sombane kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ehambelanayo zihlala zinika ingqalelo, kodwa zikhuphe ezinye izimvo, ezinye iimbono ziye zaphinda zavela. exhaswa ngamanye amaqabane, kukho abantu abambalwa abangavumelani neembono zam, ndicinga ukuba yinto yendalo.Kodwa ukuqhelisela kuphela kovavanyo lwenyaniso, yaye ukutyhubela iminyaka, ndivakalelwa kukuba ezinye zeembono zam ziye zaphumelela.Ngokuphathelele umgaqo-nkqubo wenkxaso-mali, ndandixhalabile malunga neminyaka emithandathu okanye esixhenxe eyadlulayo, ngaphambi nasemva koMboniso weHlabathi weShanghai.Kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi koMboniso weHlabathi, ibhasi ye-12M ecocekileyo yamandla ethengiswe kwi-1.6 yezigidi, kwaye ngaphantsi konyaka kamva, yathengiswa nge-1.9 yezigidi.Ekuqaleni konyaka we-Expo, ukuya eShanghai, yayizizigidi ezi-2.2, kwaye kwiinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokuvulwa koMboniso, yathengiswa nge-2.6 yezigidi.
Ukususela ngelo xesha ukuya phambili ndaziva kukho iingxaki ezininzi kakhulu ngenkxaso-mali kunye namaxabiso eemoto zombane.Ngenxa yokuba ibhasi ye-12M idinga malunga neetoni ezimbini zeebhetri, ngexabiso ngelo xesha, ibhetri yonke ingaba malunga ne-800,000.Ngoko kutheni ukukhankanywa ngokukhawuleza kwe-2.6 yezigidi, kunye nebhasi eqhelekileyo malunga ne-500,000, apho urhulumente uxhasa i-500,000, i-subsidies yendawo 500,000, yenza i-1 yezigidi.Kutheni ukwenza phezulu kangaka, ukusuka kweli nqanaba ukuya phambili ndaqala ukunikela ingqalelo kule ngxaki.Ngoko ke ndibiza ibhasi yombane ye-12M yokuthengisa i-2.6 yezigidi, kwaye nditshilo ukuba kwiintlanganiso ezininzi, mhlawumbi ukuchukumisa umdla wabantu abathile.Kodwa ndandisoloko ndicinga ukuba kukho ingxaki ngale nkxaso-mali.Kodwa kufuneka ndithethe ilizwi namhlanje, sinamagosa amaninzi kwaye sinengxoxo entle nawe.
Kodwa ke ndiye ndazimasa iintlanganiso amatyeli amaninzi, ndimane ndidibana nemeko apho ndiye ndicele la magosa ukuba akhuphe imigaqo-nkqubo, ndiwacele ukuba athethe kuqala, akuba egqibile, wandule ukuthetha into angayivayo, angayiva. ufuna ukuva, akazange afune ukuva, ngoko ndapapasha amanqaku athile, ndapapasha amagama athile, kwaye ayizange isebenze.Emva kwexesha ndiye ndayibona kancinci, hayi le kuphela, kuba ngoku kukho amagosa amaninzi kumbindi wesebe, bonke bacinga ukuba ziingcali, uyingcaphephe kunani, ungaphezulu kunokuba ucinga ngokuqwalaselwa okunzulu. uthe obanzi, wena mntu wumbi, yini na ukuba ndikuphulaphule?Ke unyaka wonke, bendisoloko ndiziva ngathi imiba yomgaqo-nkqubo ithethwe kakhulu, sinokujika okanye sichaze kancinci uYang Yusheng okanye uYang Yusheng academician, zininzi iingxelo.
Kodwa nangona isiphumo singekho sihle, ndicinga ukuba kuseyimfuneko ukuthetha, ngoko ngeli xesha uNjingalwazi Gu wandimema ukuba ndiye kwintlanganiso, ndathi ndaya.Makhe sixoxe ngendlela iimoto zombane kwilizwe lethu ekufuneka ziphuhliswe ngayo.Ke namhlanje ndithetha “ngohlengahlengiso lomgaqo-nkqubo wenkxaso-mali, ukuphuhlisa izithuthi zombane”, kwaye eneneni ndivakalelwa kukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wethu wenkxaso yesizwe kufuneka uguqulwe.Ndingathanda ukubuza imibuzo emithathu.Okokuqala kuphononongo lweminyaka eyi-15 yezithuthi zombane, okwesibini yindlela yokutshintsha umgaqo-nkqubo wenkxaso yezithuthi zombane, kwaye okwesithathu kukusebenzisa ibhetri elungileyo elivuthiweyo ukuphuhlisa izithuthi zombane ezithengiswayo ezingama-135.Yimibuzo emithathu endifuna ukuthetha ngayo.
Uphononongo lweminyaka eyi-15 yezithuthi zombane
Okokuqala, uvavanyo lwam lulonke lophuhliso lwezithuthi zombane kwilizwe lethu kwiminyaka eyi-15 edlulileyo ixubile.
Okubizwa ngokuba yi-hi isiqingatha iteknoloji engundoqo yenze inkqubela phambili enkulu, ekuqaleni yaseka amacandelo angundoqo kunye nesiseko soshishino lwezithuthi, ekupheleni kuka-2015, intengiso ye-China ye-cumulative yezithuthi zombane zamandla amatsha zinokufikelela ngaphezu kwe-400.000 yezithuthi.Ngoku sithetha ngeeyunithi ezingama-497,000, ndiyathandabuza malunga nelo nani, kwaye ndicinga ukuba umlawuli angavumelana nam.Ngenxa yokuba inani lamakhadi kunye nenani leentengiso ekunene, oku kwiinyanga ezilishumi zokuqala zalo nyaka kumahluko wezithuthi ezingama-70,000, enyanisweni, lo mva wobuqhophololo wenza amanani amaninzi obuxoki kuwo, ngoko ke uthe ayinakuhlala ithatha le nto imnandi.Kodwa ubuncinane iimoto zethu zombane zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye sizame iipateni ezininzi zokugijima, kodwa kufuneka sibone iingxaki, ngoko ke ndithi yintsikelelo edibeneyo.Abanye abantu abavumelani novavanyo lwam oluvulekileyo, andiqondi ukuba yeyona ngxaki iphambili.Ingxaki yokuqala lixabiso lamashumi eebhiliyoni zeedola kwinkxaso-mali ephakathi, idityaniswa nesixa esithelekisekayo senkxaso-mali karhulumente wasekhaya, engakhange isebenze ekuqhubeni imarike yeemoto zombane.
Okwesibini kukuba iibhasi ezininzi zombane ezisulungekileyo azizange zehle, zinokusebenzisa i-150 km okanye i-200 km, kungekudala zaba yi-80 km okanye i-50 km, kwaye ezinye azikwazi ukuhamba, ke ezi 497,000 zeemoto ngaphakathi, zingaphi ukuhla kwixesha elizayo, zingaphi "indlwane yokulala", ndicinga ukuba kusafanele ukubala, kwaye le nto isasazeka, ndicinga ukuba le ngxaki isasazeka, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza konyaka odlulileyo, iminyaka yokugcina iibhetri ezingafanelekanga nazo zithengiswa ngaphandle, ezi bhetri zithengiswa, kungekhona nje ubomi obude. , kodwa kwakhona kuyingozi kakhulu.Ngoko le "ndlwane yokulala" kunye nengxaki yokungagugi iya kuqhubeka isasazeka, kwaye isethi yesibini yeebhetri ayifakwanga.Ingxaki yesithathu kukuba abantu abaninzi baye bafumana imigaqo-nkqubo ekhethiweyo kwaye basebenzise iitram njengeemoto zamafutha kwaye bathengisa iibhetri zabo, ngoko ke oku kukukhohlisa.Okwesine kukuba amakhulu eemoto zombane zepetroli ezingonelanga ngokwendalo eBeijing naseShanghai ngoku zilele, kwaye ezinye ziye zalungisa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion, nto leyo eyehlisa ixabiso kuba ixabiso lenkxaso-mali lahlukile.
Okwesibini, izifundo ze-15 iminyaka ukususela ekuphuhlisweni kwezithuthi zombane.
Ndinenqaku elide ngalo mbandela, kwaye ndingathanda ukuthetha ngolwandlalo olufutshane apha.Eyokuqala kukuba indlela yophuhliso iyagungxuka kwaye ayinqunywanga, sisifundo sokuqala.Isishwankathelo, i-15 yeminyaka, isicwangciso seminyaka emithathu satshintsha izinto eziphambili ezintathu, kunye neenqwelo zombane ze-fuel cell njengeyona nto iphambili kwixesha le-15 leminyaka, ilandelwa nguMongameli Bush, owayibona njengowona mthombo wamandla okukhanya.Ukuya kwiSicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu ye-11, iimoto zombane ezixubileyo ziba lugxininiso lwenkxaso yemoto, ezinye iinkampani zaseJapan zifuna ukubangela iteknoloji yaseJapan, kwaye zathenga i-Japan emva kwendibano, xa iPrius ikhulile, kwaye kamva yafumanisa ukuba abaninzi bethu bachasene nezithuthi ezixubileyo, kuba oku kulandelwa yiJapan, iJapan ine-patent, xa i-patent yeToyota ingaphezulu kwekhulu, le moto ye-hybrid itywinwe ifile, kwaye ke kunzima ukwenza umsebenzi olungileyo we-core of the amacandelo amatsha okulungisa oomatshini kunye nombane welizwe lethu.Ngoko yiva ukuba kufuneka sizenzele eyethu imoto yombane.Ke ukuya kwi-12 yeminyaka emihlanu, umbane ococekileyo njengogxininiso.Ngenxa yokuba ugqaliselo lwesi sicwangciso seminyaka emithathu siyaguquka apho.Isifundo sesibini asikuko ukusebenzisa inqanaba lebhetri njengesiseko sophuhliso lwezithuthi zombane, le ngxaki ndiyibonayo, yatsho nje ukuba Ixabiso, ngoku uthengise i-8 yezigidi zezithuthi, usebenzisa i-nickel hydride battery ratio of energy yi-50. iiwatts ngekhilogram nganye, kodwa ngenxa yokuba unobuchwephesha obungundoqo bezixhobo ezisakhulayo kunye neteknoloji ebalulekileyo kulawulo lwe-elektroniki, ulawulo lwenziwa kakuhle kakhulu.
Ke ngezi teknoloji zimbini, amandla epetroli kunye namandla ombane enze ukulingana okugqibeleleyo.Ke le moto inokonga i-fuel ukuya kwi-35% ukuya kwi-40%, hayi kwibhetri kangakanani, kukho le bhetri ye-nickel hydride ukuyisebenzisa kakuhle, idlale ngokupheleleyo indima yebhetri, kodwa ilizwe lethu alikho, ke apha Ngokukodwa ndithetha malunga namaqabane emoto, kodwa ngelo xesha ibhetri ye-lithium-ion yafikelela kwi-80 watts ngekhilogram, phantse ibhetri ye-nickel hydride iphindwe kabini, le bhetri ayilungile, kodwa iyingxenye yeyiphi i-electric ecocekileyo, kunye nebhetri enjalo ukubandakanya umbane ococekileyo. , kwaye ekugqibeleni uya kuhlangabezana nothotho lweengxaki.Ke ukungabikho kwamanqanaba ebhetri njengesiseko sophuhliso lwezithuthi zombane ngokwenene siqhawule umtshato kuyilo lwethu olusisiseko.Okwesithathu luncediso-mali oluphezulu kwaye akukho mfuneko.Iinkxaso-mali kwiinkampani ziphezulu kodwa akukho mfuneko yento ozimisele ukuyenza, ngoko ayisebenzi ekuthengisweni kwezithuthi zombane.Ngoku umgaqo-nkqubo wenkxaso-mali awukacaci, ngoko nangoko le moto ayiyi kurhweba, umzi-mveliso weemoto ngoku akazamkeli ii-odolo, le ayisiyiyo yamva nje, yenzeka kabini, eli lixesha lesithathu, hayi ngokwemarike, jonga i-subsidy, jonga ipolisi, yenza isigqibo sokuba yenziwe njani, le nto imbi kakhulu.
Ingxaki yesine kukusuka kubunyani bomahluko omkhulu phakathi kweendawo zasezidolophini nezisemaphandleni.Ukugxila kwiimoto zombane kwiidolophu ezinkulu kunye nokuphindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiinqwelo zombane ezincinci, eziphantsi kwesantya sisifundo esikhulu kuthi.Eyesihlanu kukuba ukubhidanisa inqanaba lophando lobugcisa okanye i-industrialization izithuthi zombane, uphando kunye noshishino inxulumene izigaba ezibini, kodwa kukho umahluko phakathi, na izigaba ezibini ezahlukeneyo, uMphathiswa wethu of Science and Technology wathi ezintathu nkqo ezintathu ezithe tyaba. ezintathu ezithe nkqo zithe zintathu isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu samanqaku amathathu aphambili.Ndinika umzekelo womfanekiso, njengokudlala iRubik's Cube, ezintathu zihlala zijika apho, eneneni, zinokujika, kodwa iSebe lezeNzululwazi kunye neTekhnoloji yoshishino lusebenza kakhulu, enyanisweni, iSebe lezeNzululwazi kunye neTekhnoloji lisebenza ngokusebenzayo. ebandakanyeka kushishino, wabeka isigaba sophando sesithathu esithe nkqo kushishino lwangaphakathi, ngoko ke kukhokelele kwizinto ezimbi.Isifundo sesithandathu asinamdla kwizinto ezintsha, sibonakalisa ubukrelekrele, inqanaba lolawulo alikwazi ukuhambisana nophuhliso lwemeko yenjongo, amanyathelo ethu omgaqo-nkqubo ahambelanayo awahambelani, iimoto ezincinci kumaphondo aliqela ngaphakathi kophuhliso ngokukhawuleza, azizange zenze umgaqo ohambelanayo. imimiselo exhasa umgaqo-nkqubo, i-mini-moto enjalo ayifuni ipleyiti yelayisensi, ayifuni ukuba umqhubi avavanye imithetho yendlela, kulo mzekelo kuye kwakho iingozi zemoto, ukubetha, wabetha abantu, kwaye ekugqibeleni zonke phantsi ukuya phantsi- isantya sombane isithuthi engakhuselekanga, kokukhona isizathu ngakumbi, kokukhona hayi inyaniso.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-02-2020