Kwanan baya, Malami Yang Yusheng na kwalejin kimiyyar kasar Sin ya yi jawabi a wajen wani taro game da rudanin ci gaban masana'antar motocin lantarki ta kasar Sin.Yang Yusheng majagaba ne na binciken batirin cikin gida da batirin lithium-sulfur na biyu mai kuzari a kasar Sin.A shekara ta 2007, masanin ilimin kimiyya Yang Yusheng ya ƙera batirin lithium-sulfur na farko mai ƙarfi na 300Wh/kg a China, wanda ya fi ƙarfin batirin lithium-ion da ake da shi (100Wh/kg).Masanin ilimin Yang Yusheng ya yi imanin cewa, ba da tallafi da kididdigar farashin motocin lantarki, ana samun matsaloli, wadanda suka shafi bukatu da yawa, amma kuma suna haifar da tsarin ba da tallafi mai yawa ga kamfanoni, wanda hakan ya sa masana'antun kera motoci da yawa ke kashe farashi mai yawa don haka. samar da samfur ba tare da kasuwa ba, kuma amfani da wannan samfurin na iya samun matsala, bai taka rawar gani ba wajen haɓaka ci gaban masana'antu.
Masanin ilimin kimiyya Yang Yusheng ya yi imanin cewa, matakin baturi a halin yanzu ya nuna alkiblar ci gaban masana'antar motocin lantarki ta shekaru biyar ta 13, maimakon fiye da yadda ake amfani da batir a halin yanzu don bin abin da ake kira na'urorin lantarki masu inganci, ya kamata a kera motoci masu amfani da wutar lantarki tare da amfani da wutar lantarki. matakin baturi, kuma a ƙarƙashin tsarin tallafin da ake da shi, ba wai kawai ya haifar da kamfanoni da yawa waɗanda ba su da binciken motocin lantarki da haɓaka don tallafawa salon "Great Leap Forward" -style tilasta kan doki, babba kuma mafi girma fiye da farashin kasuwa. tallafin kuma yana haifar da karfin tuƙi na kasuwa, ba ya haifar da rashin daidaituwar zamantakewa.Don haka, masanin ilimin kimiyya Yang Yusheng ya takaita darussa biyar daga ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci ta kasar Sin, inda ya gabatar da nasa shawarwari guda uku:
Darussa biyar da aka koya:
Na farko, hanyar ci gaba tana da ban tsoro, kuma ba ta da tabbas;
Na biyu, ba a amfani da matakin baturi a matsayin tushen samar da motocin lantarki;
Na uku, babban tallafi ne kuma babu buƙatu.Tallafi ga kamfanoni yana da yawa sosai amma babu buƙatu, kuna shirye don yin abin da za ku yi, don haka tallan motocin lantarki bai taka rawa ba;
Na hudu, daga cikin bambance-bambancen birane da karkara tsakanin ainihin.Mai da hankali kan motocin lantarki a cikin manyan biranen, kuma akai-akai kan dakile kanana da ƙananan motocin lantarki;
V. Rikita matakin bincike na fasaha ko matakin masana'antu na motocin lantarki.
Shawarwari uku:
Na farko, Majalisar Dokoki ta Jiha ta sanya rufin jimillar adadin tallafin motocin lantarki na shirin shekara biyar na 13, nawa ne za a yi wa wanda ya fara kirga sannan ya yi amfani da shi, kar a bari ma’aikatun hudu su fara amfani da lissafin;
Na biyu, don fayyace nauyin kowane masana'antar kera motoci, don cimma tallafin da ya dace, alamun alhaki, kyaututtukan wuce gona da iri, don hukuntawa da haɓaka samarwa;
Na uku, tallafin da ya dace, yana ci gaba da ƙarfafa tallafi don haɓaka fasahar fasahar motocin lantarki.
Ga cikakken rubutun:
'Yan uwa, na gudanar da gwaje-gwajen nukiliya a jihar Xinjiang na tsawon shekaru ashirin da bakwai da rabi, don haka ni kwararre ne a fannin gwajin nukiliya, sa'an nan domin in cika shekaru 60 da haihuwa, bari in koma birnin Beijing, in koma birnin Beijing kan zabar kwararrun malamai. , ba don yin ritaya ba, don haka na yi wani aikin baturi, a cikin filin lantarki bayan fiye da shekaru goma, akan bayyanar da motoci masu amfani da wutar lantarki, don haka daga mahangar electromagnetic yadda ake haɓaka motocin lantarki, don haka ya fara fahimtar abin da ke faruwa. tare da motocin lantarki.
A cikin fiye da shekaru goma na tuntuɓar juna, ana ƙara jin cewa motocin lantarki suna da matukar muhimmanci kuma suna da wahala sosai, ga ƙasarmu wasu hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki da kuma manufofin da ke da alaƙa sukan kula da su, amma kuma suna ba da wasu ra'ayoyi, wasu ra'ayoyi ma sun kasance. goyon bayan wasu ’yan uwa, akwai ’yan kalilan da ba su yarda da ra’ayi na ba, ina ganin abu ne na halitta.Amma yin aiki ne kaɗai gwajin gaskiya, kuma a cikin shekaru da yawa, ina jin cewa wasu ra’ayoyi na sun yi nasara.Dangane da manufar ba da tallafin, na damu da shi kimanin shekaru shida ko bakwai da suka gabata, kafin da kuma bayan bikin baje kolin duniya na Shanghai.Shekaru biyu gabanin bikin baje kolin na duniya, an sayar da wata motar bas mai karfin miliyon 12 kan kudi miliyan 1.6, kuma kasa da shekara guda, an sayar da ita kan miliyan 1.9.A farkon shekarar baje kolin baje kolin na Shanghai, ya kai miliyan 2.2, kuma watanni uku kafin bude bikin baje kolin, an sayar da shi kan miliyan 2.6.
Tun daga wannan lokacin na ji akwai matsaloli da yawa game da tallafin da farashin motocin lantarki.Domin motar bas 12M tana buƙatar kusan tan biyu na batura, a farashin lokacin, gabaɗayan baturi na iya zama kusan 800,000.Don haka me ya sa kwatsam aka ambaci miliyan 2.6, da motar bas kusan 500,000, wanda jihar ke ba da tallafin 500,000, tallafin gida 500,000, ya zama miliyan 1.Me yasa gyaran fuska yayi girma, tun daga wannan lokacin na fara kula da wannan matsala.Don haka na yi ta kiraye-kirayen a nemi motar bas mai amfani da wutar lantarki mai nauyin miliyan 12 don sayar da ita kan miliyan 2.6, kuma na fadi hakan a wurin taro da yawa, watakila ya taba sha'awar wasu.Amma koyaushe ina tsammanin akwai matsala game da wannan tallafin.Amma dole in ce uffan yau, muna da jami'ai da yawa kuma mun yi kyakkyawar tattaunawa da ku.
Amma na halarci tarurruka da dama a lokuta da dama, kuma na sha fuskantar wani yanayi inda na nemi wadannan jami’an su fitar da manufofi, na ce su fara magana, bayan sun gama, sai ka fadi abin da bai ji ba, bai ji ba. yana son ji, ba ya son ji, don haka na buga wasu labarai, na buga wasu kalmomi, kuma hakan bai yi tasiri ba.Daga baya a hankali na gano hakan, ba wannan kadai ba, domin a yanzu akwai jami’ai da yawa a ma’aikatu hudu na tsakiya, dukkansu suna ganin kwararru ne, ya fi ku gwaninta, ya fi ku tunanin yin la’akari sosai. gaba daya, kai irin wannan shege yace, meyasa zan saurareka?Don haka a duk tsawon shekara, ina jin cewa an yi magana da yawa game da batutuwan manufofin, za mu iya jujjuya ko digo kadan Yang Yusheng ko Yang Yusheng masanin ilimi, akwai rahotanni da yawa.
Amma duk da cewa tasirin bai yi kyau ba, ina ganin har yanzu ya zama dole in yi magana, don haka a wannan karon Farfesa Gu ya gayyace ni zuwa taron, na ce na halarta.Mu tattauna yadda motoci masu amfani da wutar lantarki a kasarmu ya kamata su bunkasa.Don haka a yau ina magana ne game da "Sake fasalin tsarin tallafin, haɓaka motocin lantarki", kuma a zahiri ina jin cewa dole ne a canza manufofin tallafin ƙasa.Ina so in yi tambayoyi uku.Na farko shi ne nazari na tsawon shekaru 15 na motocin lantarki, na biyu kuma shi ne yadda za a sauya tsarin bayar da tallafi ga motocin lantarki, na uku kuma shi ne yin amfani da batir mai inganci don kera ingantattun motocin lantarki guda 135 masu inganci.Tambayoyi guda uku kenan da nake son magana akai.
Bita na shekaru 15 na motocin lantarki
Na farko, kima na gaba daya na ci gaban motocin lantarki a kasarmu cikin shekaru 15 da suka gabata, ya bambanta.
Abin da ake kira hi half wata muhimmiyar fasaha ce da ta samu babban ci gaba, tun da farko ta kafa muhimman sassa da masana'antar ababen hawa, nan da karshen shekarar 2015, yawan siyar da sabbin motocin lantarki na kasar Sin zai iya kaiwa fiye da motoci 400,000.Yanzu da muke magana game da raka'a 497,000, ina da shakku game da wannan lambar, kuma ina tsammanin darektan zai iya yarda da ni.Domin yawan kati da yawan tallace-tallace a hannun dama, wannan a cikin watanni goma na farkon wannan shekara akan bambancin motoci 70,000, a gaskiya, wannan baya na yaudara yana da adadi mai yawa na karya a cikinsa, don haka na yi. ya ce ba zai iya ko da yaushe dauki wannan abu jin dadi.Amma aƙalla motocinmu masu amfani da wutar lantarki suna haɓaka da sauri kuma mun gwada tsarin tafiyarwa da yawa, amma kuma ya kamata mu ga matsaloli, don haka na ce albarka ce gauraye.Wasu ba su yarda da kima na rabin-budadden ba, ba na jin wannan ce babbar matsalar.Matsala ta farko ita ce kashe makudan biliyoyin daloli na tallafin da ake samu a tsakiya, tare da kwatankwacin adadin tallafin da kananan hukumomi ke bayarwa, wadanda ba su da tasiri wajen tuka kasuwar motocin lantarki.
Na biyu shi ne yawancin motocin bas masu amfani da wutar lantarki da yawa ba su sauka ba, suna iya tafiyar kilomita 150 ko 200, ba da dadewa ba sun zama kilomita 80 ko 50, wasu kuma ba su iya tafiya kawai, don haka wadannan motoci 497,000 a ciki, nawa ne gaba ya ragu, Nawa ne. "ƙarya gida", Ina tsammanin har yanzu yana da daraja ƙidaya, kuma wannan al'amari yana yaduwa, ina tsammanin wannan matsala ta yaduwa, karuwar kwatsam na bara, shekarun ajiyar batura marasa cancanta kuma an sayar da su, waɗannan batura sun sayar, ba kawai ba tsawon rai ba. , amma kuma yana da haɗari sosai.Don haka wannan "gidan kwance" da matsalar rashin tsufa za su ci gaba da yadawa, kuma ba a shigar da batura na biyu ba.Matsala ta uku ita ce, mutane da yawa sun sami manufofin fifiko kuma sun yi amfani da tram a matsayin motocin mai da sayar da batir, don haka wannan ma yaudara ne.Na hudu shi ne, daruruwan motocin lantarki marasa isassun man fetur a biranen Beijing da Shanghai yanzu sun kwanta, wasu kuma sun gyara batir lithium-ion, wanda a zahiri ya rage farashin saboda farashin tallafin ya bambanta.
Na biyu, darussan shekaru 15 da aka samar da motocin lantarki.
Ina da dogon labari a kan wannan batu, kuma zan so in faɗi taƙaitaccen bayani a nan.Na farko shi ne cewa tafarkin ci gaba yana da ban tsoro kuma ba a yanke hukunci ba, wanda shine darasi na farko.A taƙaice dai, shirin na shekaru 15, na shekaru uku ya canza muhimman abubuwa guda uku, inda motocin lantarki masu amfani da makamashin mai a matsayin fifiko na farko cikin shekaru 15, sai kuma shugaba Bush, wanda ya gan shi a matsayin tushen makamashi na ƙarshe.Zuwa shirin shekaru biyar na 11, motocin lantarki masu amfani da wutar lantarki sun zama abin da ake mayar da hankali kan tallafin motar, wasu kamfanoni a Japan suna son haifar da fasahar Japan, har ma sun sayi Japan ɗin baya, lokacin da Prius ya fi girma, kuma daga baya ya gano cewa yawancin mu. suna adawa da motoci masu haɗaka, saboda wannan a zahiri Jafanan na biye da shi, Japan tana da haƙƙin mallaka, lokacin da haƙƙin mallaka na Toyota ya fi ɗari, wannan motar haɗaɗɗiyar ta mutu, sannan yana da wahala a yi kyakkyawan aiki na tushen tushen. sabbin sassan sarrafa injuna da lantarki na kasarmu.Don haka a ji cewa ya kamata mu yi namu motar lantarki.Don haka zuwa shekaru biyar na 12, wutar lantarki mai tsabta a matsayin mayar da hankali.Domin hankalin wannan shiri na shekaru biyar yana karkata a can.Darasi na biyu shi ne kada a yi amfani da matakin baturi a matsayin ginshikin samar da motoci masu amfani da wutar lantarki, wannan matsala kuma na gani, a cewar Farashin, yanzu ya sayar da motoci miliyan 8, yana amfani da batirin nickel hydride rabon makamashi na makamashi 50 ne. Watts a kowace kilogiram, amma saboda yana da ainihin fasaha na kayan aiki masu tasowa tare da fasaha mai mahimmanci shine sarrafa lantarki, sarrafawa yana da kyau sosai.
Don haka ta hanyar waɗannan fasahohi guda biyu, wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki sun yi daidai.Don haka wannan motar tana iya ajiye man fetur zuwa kashi 35% zuwa 40%, don haka ba a cikin baturi nawa ba, akwai wannan baturin nickel hydride don amfani da shi da kyau, ya ba da cikakken wasa ga aikin baturi, amma kasarmu ba ta nan, don haka a nan. Ina magana ne game da abokan aikin mota, amma a lokacin batirin lithium-ion ya kai watts 80 a kowace kilogiram, kusan ninki biyu na nickel hydride baturi, wannan baturi ba shi da kyau, amma ban da wane irin wutar lantarki mai tsabta, tare da irin wannan baturi don shiga cikin wutar lantarki mai tsabta. , kuma a ƙarshe za su fuskanci jerin matsaloli.Don haka rashin matakan baturi a matsayin ginshiƙi don haɓaka motocin lantarki a zahiri an sake shi daga ƙirarmu mafi mahimmanci.Na uku shine babban tallafi kuma babu buƙatu.Tallafin da ake ba kamfanoni yana da yawa amma babu buƙatar abin da kuke son yi, don haka baya aiki don tallan motocin lantarki.Yanzu tsarin tallafin ba a bayyana ba, nan da nan motar nan ba za ta yi ciniki ba, masana'antar motoci yanzu ba ta karbar oda, wannan ba shi ne na baya-bayan nan ba, ya faru sau biyu, wannan shi ne karo na uku, ba a cewar kasuwa ba, duba tallafin, dubi manufofin, yanke shawarar yadda za a yi, wannan abu yana da mummunan gaske.
Matsala ta hudu ita ce a nisantar da gaskiyar babban bambanci tsakanin birane da karkara.Mai da hankali kan motoci masu amfani da wutar lantarki a manyan birane da kuma dakile kananan motoci marasa sauri, babban darasi ne a gare mu.Na biyar shi ne rikita matakin bincike na fasaha ko masana'antu na motocin lantarki, bincike da masana'antu suna da alaƙa da matakai biyu, amma akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin, matakai biyu ne daban-daban, ma'aikatar kimiyya da fasaha ta mu ta ce uku a tsaye da uku a kwance. uku a tsaye kawai yace uku na shekaru biyar shirin na manyan maki uku.Na ba da misalin hoto, kamar kunna Rubik's Cube, uku kullum suna juyawa can, a zahiri, yana iya juyawa, amma ma'aikatar kimiyya da fasaha don haɓaka masana'antu tana aiki sosai, a gaskiya ma, Ma'aikatar Kimiyya da Fasaha tana ƙwazo. da hannu a masana'antu, ya sanya lokaci na bincike na uku a tsaye zuwa masana'antu a ciki, don haka kai ga al'amura rikice.Darasi na shida ba shi da sha'awar sabbin abubuwa, yana nuna hazaka, matakin gudanarwa ba zai iya ci gaba da ci gaban haƙiƙanin halin da ake ciki ba, matakan da suka dace da manufofinmu ba su daidaita ba, ƙananan motoci a cikin larduna da yawa a cikin ci gaba da sauri, ba su samar da daidaitattun daidaito ba. manufofin goyon bayan ka'idojin, irin wannan karamar mota ba ta buƙatar farantin lasisi, baya buƙatar direba don gwada dokokin zirga-zirga, a cikin wannan yanayin an sami wasu hadurran mota, buga, ya buge mutane, kuma a ƙarshe duk ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. saurin abin hawa na lantarki ba shi da lafiya, mafi yawan dalilin, ba gaskiya bane.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-02-2020